基于VB的木材无损检测近红外光谱图检索系统的实现

利用VB语言设计木材无损检测的近红外光谱图检索系统,检索关键词由＂物质名＂、＂光谱查询＂及＂列表查询＂组成,可分别实现已知物质名的光谱图检索、未知物质基于吸收峰位置的物质名检索及吸收峰位置相同或接近的物质名列表检索。检索界面简洁,易于操作,相对于传统的检索方法,检索的查全查准率较高。     

钩梢对5年生毛竹竹材物理力学性质的影响

毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)秆形通直、材性优良,是利用范围最广、经济价值最大的竹种(刘亚迪等,2008);但同时因毛竹秆高大、枝叶繁茂,是受风雪灾害影响较大的林种之一(肖本权,2003)。2008年初,我国南方遭受了严重的雨雪冰冻灾害,涉及湖南、安徽、浙江、江西等19个省(区、市),受灾森林面积1860万hm2(祝列克,2008),受灾中心区域为毛竹的主分布区,占我国毛竹林面积的70%以上。据统计,全国竹林受灾面积约400万hm2,其中80%为毛竹林(李潇晓,2008)。在竹林培育中,为应对雨雪冰冻灾     

4种园林树木叶绿素荧光参数对脱水的响应及耐旱特性分析

以自然生长的国槐、加杨、银杏和黑松的离体枝叶为材料,利用连续激发式叶绿素荧光仪测定脱水过程中叶绿素快速荧光动力学曲线及相关参数的变化,以分析4种树木叶绿素荧光特性随体内水分状况的变化规律及其耐旱特点。结果表明:随着脱水的延续,4种树木的叶绿素荧光动力学曲线发生明显的变化,主要荧光参数Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,PI等逐渐降低,说明PSⅡ的光化学效率、潜在活性和整个光合电子传递链的效率等均随脱水而下降。以离体后脱水时间为横坐标,主要荧光参数Fv/Fm,Fv/Fo,PI等的下降表现为国槐最快、杨树次之、银杏较慢、黑松最慢,即4种树木抗脱水能力依次增强;但4种植物叶绿素荧光参数快速降低的RWC阈值分别为国槐10%～20%、杨树30%～40%、银杏40%～50%、黑松60%～70%,表现为光合系统对脱水的耐力依次降低。可见,国槐和杨树对脱水有较强的耐受力,但失水快、耗水多,难以适应缺水的环境;黑松抗脱水能力强、耗水少,但对体内水分亏缺的耐受力不强,可以适应半干旱和半湿润环境;银杏的适应性介于上述2类之间。     

氮素营养对长白落叶松移植苗生长及养分状况的影响

尽管少数研究认为造林效果与苗木体内氮含量无关甚至负相关(Gleason et al.,1990;Boinvin et al.,2004),更多的研究表明初始氮含量与造林效果呈正相关,如蓝桉(Eucalyptus globulus)高、低氮处     

学习经历对川硬皮肿腿蜂寄生云斑天牛幼虫的影响

采用Y形嗅觉仪和EthoVision3.1行为仪研究0～5日龄川硬皮肿腿蜂经历杨树云斑天牛虫粪木屑混合物气味刺激的学习效应,并通过室内和林间放蜂试验,比较有无学习经历的川硬皮肿腿蜂对2～3龄云斑天牛幼虫的寄生作用,以探索利用学习行为提高川硬皮肿腿蜂防治云斑天牛效果的途径。结果表明:杨树云斑天牛虫粪木屑混合物对无学习经历的蜂有显著驱避作用(P<0.05),有学习经历的蜂对杨树云斑天牛虫粪木屑混合物的趋向性显著提高(P>0.05)。在EthoVision3.1行为仪分析中,有学习经历的蜂活动轨迹在味源区域的密度远高于无学习经历蜂在该区域的密度;在味源区的停留时间、移动距离和移动时间上,有学习经历的蜂明显长于无学习经历的蜂(P<0.05);有学习经历的蜂在采集区的静止时间明显长于无学习经历的蜂(P<0.05),而停留时间、移动距离和反应时间则显著短于无学习经历的蜂(P<0.05)。有学习经历的蜂室内搜索寄主所需平均时间39.99s,60s内搜索到寄主的数量为23.33头,都与无学习经历的蜂存在显著性差异(P<0.05);在采用蜂虫比1:1,2:1,4:1室内对云斑天牛2～3龄幼虫寄生试验中,有学习经历蜂在蜂虫比4:...     

山东省濒危药用鸟类分布与保护

山东省共有濒危药用鸟类25种;科学研究及临床证实,药用鸟类具有较高的药用价值;阐述了山东省药用鸟类资源分布和利用现状,并提出一些保护和合理开发的建议。     

The screening toolbox of bioactive substances from natural products: a review

Hunting lead compounds from natural products plays a vital role in finding successful drug candidates. The efficiency of screening campaigns is mainly determined by the validity of selected screening models. To screen desired lead compounds, researchers have developed a plethora of experimental screening models. However, the considerable diversity of screening models from animal models, tissue models, to cell models and so on, may cause some trouble in choosing the suitable one. This review provides a toolbox of experimental screening models that have been used to discover new drug candidates from natural products. Two screening indexes are designed for different research directions in this screening toolbox. Index I is proposed from the direction of screening different objective substance populations, including plant extracts, active fractions and pure compounds; index Π is according to screening different drug properties, including pharmacological properties, pharmacokinetic properties and affinity binding properties. We hope that the abbreviated bibliographies will help readers to quickly retrieve useful information by two screening indexes and provide certain reference value for choosing more appropriate screening models. Finally, we discuss ways of improving model systems, as well as future directions.     

Two new chalcone glycosides from the stems of Entada phaseoloides

Two new chalcone glycosides 4′-O-(6″-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-2′,4-dihydroxychalcone (1) and 4′-O-(6″-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-2′-hydroxy-4-methoxychalcone (2) together with one known chalcone glycoside 4′-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-2′-hydroxy-4-methoxychalcone (3) were isolated from the stems of Entada phaseoloides. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HSQC, HMBC, ¹H–¹H COSY, and chemical evidences. This is the first report of chalcone-type compounds isolated from the genus Entada.     

Berberine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced impairments of intestinal glutamine transport and glutaminase activity in rat

Berberine was reported to protect against the intestinal injury and improve the survival rate in sepsis, and glutamine deficiency was considered to be correlated with mortality in sepsis. We found that berberine pretreatment ameliorated lipopolysaccharide-induced direct intestinal injury and mucosal hypoplasia and attenuated impairments of intestinal glutamine transport and glutaminase activity, B⁰AT1 mRNA and protein expressions, and glutaminase protein expression. These findings showed the first time that berberine pretreatment could improve intestinal recovery and attenuate the impairment of glutamine transport and glutaminase activity in rat sepsis. This might be one of the mechanisms for the beneficial effect of berberine on sepsis.     

外源激素对油茶种子根系及轻基质嫁接容器苗生长的影响

以良种油茶种子和嫁接苗为试验材料,设计3种外源激素处理方式,探讨外源激素对油茶种子萌发、根系生长及油茶轻基质嫁接容器苗生长的影响。结果表明:适宜的激素处理对油茶种的根系生长、出芽和轻基质嫁接容器苗的生长具有促进作用。用50mg/L ABT处理过的油茶种子根系生长迅速、主根饱满健壮、须根浓密,发根质量好,Ⅱ级根出现早,须根出现和出芽时间比对照均提前7d左右。在轻基质嫁接容器苗株高生长和地径生长上具有显著的生长优势,可以在生产中推广使用。